Ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Augustine nke San Nicolás de Tolentino de Actopan bụ ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme kachasị mkpa na steeti Hidalgo. You maara ya?
Site na ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ihe osise nke echiche, ndị mbụ convent nke San Nicolás de Tolentino Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ kachasị atụ nke nka ọhụụ nke New Spain nke narị afọ nke 16, bụ nke ekwuputara na ọ bụ ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme na nka nke mba ahụ, site na Iwu nke February 2, 1933 nke Gọọmentị Republic nyere. Ntọala nke ebe obibi ndị nọn ahụ sitere na 1546, ọ bụ ezie na enyere ya iwu afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Fray Alonso de la Veracruz dị ebube bụ onye na-achị iwu na n'oge isi nke obodo Augustinian mere na Mexico City.
Dị ka George Kubler si kwuo, owuwu nke ụlọ ahụ mere n'etiti 1550 na 1570. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ndị Augustinians na New Spain, Fray Juan de Grijalva, na-ekwu na ọrụ nke nduzi bụ Fray Andrés de Mata, onye na-ewu ụlọ ebe obibi ndị mọnk agbata obi nke Ixmiquilpan ( ebe ọ nwụrụ na 1574).
A tụlewo ọtụtụ ihe banyere ọrụ owuwu nke friar a, mana rue mgbe a gosipụtara ya, anyị ga-enye ya ikike nke ịtụrụ nnukwu ụlọ a, ebe a na-ejikọ ụdị ihe owuwu nke ụdị dị iche iche na iche iche. N'ihi ya, na cloister nke Actopan njikọ nke Gothic na Renaissance nwere ike nwee ekele; n’ime ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke ụlọ nsọ ya, ọgịrịga Gọtik na ọkara Romansque; ya mgbịrịgba elu, na a ama Moorish flavor; mkpuchi ya, dị ka Toussaint si kwuo, "bụ nke Plateresque pụrụ iche"; Ihe osise a na-ese na Renaissance mara mma chọọ ọtụtụ mgbidi ya mma, ụlọ ụka ghe oghe na nnukwu oghere nke na-egosipụtakwa ihe osise eserese nke mmekọrịta okpukpe.
Martín de Acevedo bụ friar ọzọ, nke nwekwara ike jikọtara ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ebe obibi ndị nọn ahụ. Ọ nọrọ tupu afọ 1600 ma eserese ya biri ebe a ma ama n'okpuru steepụ ahụ, n'akụkụ nrụpụta Pedro lxcuincuitlapilco na Juan lnica Atocpan, ndị isi obodo nke lxcuincuitlapilco na Actopan n'otu n'otu. Dabere na ọnụnọ nke Fray Martín n'ebe a, onye na-atụpụta ụlọ bụ Luis Mac Gregor welitere ohere na ọ bụ ya nyere iwu ka etinyere mgbidi na vault ma rụọ ọrụ na mgbanwe n'ime ụlọ ahụ.
Naanị data na ụbọchị ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ka a maara banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ebe obibi ndị nọn ahụ. N'ịbụ onye e jidere na November 16, 1750, onye ụkọchukwu mbụ ya bụ ụkọchukwu Juan de la Barreda. Site na itinye Iwu Iwu ahụ, ọ tara arụ ma ọtụtụ ojiji. E kewara ubi mkpụrụ osisi ya na atrium ya na nnukwu ogige anọ ma resị ya ndị ahịa dị iche iche site n’obodo Actopan n’oge ahụ; Ihe yiri nke a meghere ụlọ ụka ghere oghe mgbe onye kewapụrụ ya na Maazi Carlos Mayorga na 1873 site na isi nke Treasury nke steeti Hidalgo na 369 pesos.
Otu n'ime ihe dị iche iche eji arụ ọrụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk bụ: ụlọ ọdịbendị, ụlọ ọgwụ, ogige na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Normal Rural del Mexe yana ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọbịa. Akụkụ ikpeazụ a biri ya ruo na June 27, 1933, mgbe ụlọ ahụ gafere n'aka Directorate nke Colonial Monuments na Republic, ụlọ ọrụ na ihe onwunwe ahụ ga-adabere na INAH na 1939, afọ nke ọ bụ tọrọ ntọala Institute. Mgbalị ndị mbụ iji chekwaa ụlọ kwekọrọ n'oge a. N'agbata 1933 na 1934, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Luis Mac Gregor, mere ka arches ahụ dị elu jikọtara ọnụ wee wepụ ihe mgbakwunye niile ga-eme ka oghere ndị ahụ kwekọọ na mkpa dịgasị iche nke ime ụlọ. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na mwepụ nke nzu nzu nke kpuchie eserese ahụ, ọrụ malitere na 1927 na steepụ nke onye na-ese ihe bụ Roberto Montenegro. Ugbu a naanị ụlọ nsọ ka ejiri ihe osise kpuchie ya site na mmalite nke narị afọ a, ọ na-ejikwa ndidi na-echere mgbake nke ihe ịchọ mma mbụ ya.
Mgbe ọrụ Mac Gregor gasịrị, ụlọ nsọ ahụ na ebe obibi ndị mọnk mbụ nke Actopan enweghị nkwado ọ bụla, nchekwa na mweghachi dị ka nke emere - site na Disemba 1992 ruo Eprel 1994- site na INAH Hidalgo Center na National Coordination of Historical Monuments. N'etiti otu aka na onye ọzọ - ihe dịka afọ 50 - naanị obere ọrụ mmezi rụrụ na mpaghara ụfọdụ (ewezuga maka mgbake nke eserese nke ụlọ nsọ mepere n'etiti 1977 na 1979), na-enweghị nkwado nke ọrụ zuru oke maka nchekwa na mweghachi nke ihe owuwu ya na ihe osise ya.
Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ahụ nọgidere na-adịgide adịgide na nhazi ya - na-enweghị nsogbu siri ike nke na-etinye iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe ya n'ihe ize ndụ, enweghị mmezi zuru oke kpatara oke mbibi nke mere ka ọ dị ka agbahapụ kpamkpam. Maka nke a, ọrụ ndị INAH kwuru, nke emere n'ime ọnwa iri na asaa gara aga, bụ iji kwado nkwụsi ike ya na ịme ihe ga-enyere aka weghachite ọnụnọ ya ma kwe ka nchekwa nke ụkpụrụ plastik ya. Omume ndị a malitere na ọnwa ikpeazụ nke 1992 site na nhazi nke nkwado mgbịrịgba. Na Febụwarị nke afọ na-esote, e webatara ihe nchekwa nke ụka na ụlọ ụka ghere oghe, wepụ ma weghachite ụzọ atọ ya nke mkpuchi ma ọ bụ entortados, yana ịgba ntụtụ nke mgbawa mpaghara na ebe abụọ ahụ. A na-eme ihe yiri ya n’elu ụlọ ebe obibi ndị nọn mbụ ahụ. Na mbara ala nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ, a dochiri osisi na mbara ala ha. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-eme ndagwurugwu ka mmiri gbapụ nke kacha mma. A na-agakwa mgbidi ụlọ mgbịrịgba ahụ, mgbidi ya, ụlọ ekpere mepere emepe, ogige okirikiri na mgbidi nke onye bụbu onye na-arụ ebe ahụ, na-ejedebe na ntinye nke agba lime. N'otu aka ahụ, e wughachiri ala nke ala abụọ nke ụlọ ahụ kpamkpam, na-emecha ihe dịka nke ahụ dị na ebe a na-egwu ala.
Ejiri panti kichin kpuchie patio nke kichin ma weghachite ọwara mmiri nke dugara n'ubi ahụ mmiri mmiri ozuzo na-abịa site n'akụkụ nke ụlọ ụka ahụ na ụlọ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk mbụ. Ojiji nke mmiri ozuzo na ebe ekpuchidoro (dika mpaghara Actopan) bu ezigbo ihe di nkpa, ya mere ndi Augustinians kere usoro hydraulic dum maka ijide na ichekwa mmiri di nkpa nye ebe obibi ha. N'ikpeazụ, a na-akwanyere ọdịdị nke ogige ahụ ùgwù site n'okporo ụzọ ndị na-agagharị agagharị, na nke etiti ebe ọ na-ezube iguzobe ogige botanical nke nwere ụdị osisi a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ahụ.
Ọrụ ndị ahụ akọwapụtara dị ọtụtụ, mana anyị ga-ekwupụta ndị pụtara ìhè: site na data enwetara site na cove, agbagharịri steepụ nke antechoir na ọnọdụ mbụ ha; Ejirila ogwe aka na ụzọ ịbata na paseeji ọmụmụ, yana balustrades na mpaghara a na ndị nọ na mbara ala ndịda; A gbanwere gargoyles na-adị na quarry iji kwụsị mmiri mmiri ozuzo na mgbidi, gbalịa igbochi mbuze nke ụlọ ma kwụsị ịba ụba nke fungi na lichens. N'aka nke ọzọ, arụ ọrụ na nchekwa nke 1,541 m2 nke mbido akwụkwọ mbụ na eserese eserese site na narị afọ nke 16 na 18, na-elebara ụlọ ndị ahụ anya nke na-echekwa eserese nke nnukwu ọrụ na isiokwu bara uru: sacristy, ụlọ isi, refectory , ime ụlọ ndị miri emi, ọnụ ụzọ ndị njem ala nsọ, steepụ na ụlọ ekpere ghere oghe. Ọrụ a gụnyere ịkwado ụlọ nkwado agba, nhicha akwụkwọ na nhazi, mkpochapu ọgwụgwọ ndị gara aga, na ngbanwe nke ihe ndozi na plasta na mpempe akwụkwọ mbụ na ebe ndị a chọrọ mma.
Ọrụ ahụ emere n'aka nke ya wepụtara data nyere ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara usoro ihe owuwu nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk mbụ, na-enye ohere nnapụta ụfọdụ ihe mbụ na oghere. Naanị anyị ga-ekwupụta ihe atụ abụọ: nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ na mgbe ị na-eme akwa maka nkwụghachi nke ala, achọtara ala ọcha na-acha ọcha (nke sitere na narị afọ nke 16) na nkwụsị nke otu n'ime ụgbọ ala ahụ na antechoir. Nke a nyere ụkpụrụ iji weghachite-na ọkwa ha na njirimara mbụ- ala nke ime ime atọ ahụ nke mkpuchi nke elu, na-enweta ọkụ ọkụ dị ukwuu karị na njikọta nke chromatic nke ala, mgbidi na vaults. Nke abụọ bụ usoro nke ihicha mgbidi kichin, nke gosipụtara ekpughere nke eserese eserese nke mejupụtara akụkụ nke oke ala na mottesque motifs, nke na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ anọ niile nke mpaghara ahụ.
A rụrụ ọrụ ndị a na-arụ na ex-convent nke Actopan n'okpuru njirisi nke mweghachi na-adabere n'ụkpụrụ dị na okwu ahụ, yana site na data na teknụzụ azịza nke ihe ncheta ahụ n'onwe ya. Ọrụ dị mkpa na nke zuru ezu nke ichebe ihe onwunwe ahụ bụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na mweghachi nke ndị ọrụ INAH Hidalgo Center, na nlekọta nchịkwa nke National Coordination of Historical Monuments na Mweghachi nke Cultural Heritage nke Institute.
N'agbanyeghị mmezu ndị e nwetara na nchekwa nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk mbụ ahụ bụ Actopan, INAH weghachiri ọrụ ọ na-arụghị kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ: mweghachi na akụ nke mmadụ nke ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. Ikike na ahụmịhe dị ukwuu nke otu ndị na-edepụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị weghachiri ihe na-ekwe nkwa nsonaazụ ndị magburu onwe ha, na dịka ọmụmaatụ, lelee ọrụ a rụrụ na ebe obibi ndị mọnk mbụ nke San Nicolás de Tolentino de Actopan, Hidalgo.
