Mexico City agbanweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe, yabụ oge ọ bụla nke akụkọ ntolite ya ejiri foduru nke oge gara aga. N'ihi mgbanwe ezi uche dị na obodo ukwu, mbibi na nwughari a na-aga n'ihu na-amalite tupu oge Hispanic ma na-aga n'ihu ruo taa, dị ka ọrụ nnapụta ugbu a nke Center Historic.
Mexico City agbanweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe, yabụ oge ọ bụla nke akụkọ ntolite ya ejiri foduru nke oge gara aga. N'ihi mgbanwe ezi uche dị na obodo ukwu, mbibi na nwughari a na-aga n'ihu na-amalite n'oge oge Hispanic ma na-aga n'ihu taa, dị ka ọrụ nnapụta dị ugbu a nke Center Center.
Tọrọ ntọala na 1325, Mexico City bụ oche nke ndị ọchịchị Aztec, bụ mgbe ọ na-achịkwa nnukwu ókèala. N'oge oge Hispanic, emeziri atụmatụ kwụ ọtọ na jiometrị nke jikọtara ọwa mmiri na ụzọ dị egwu, nhazi nke gosipụtara ọdịdị ya ruo taa. Mgbe ahụ mbibi na nwughari e mere site n'ịgbanwe ọrụ ndị dị ugbu a, nke a bụ ihe banyere ụlọ nsọ na pyramid "ọhụụ ọ bụla nke afọ" - nke kwekọrọ na 52 afọ nke anyị. Site na omumu ihe omuma nke Sun, etinye ihe ntinye na nhazi nke uzo mbu; N'otu aka ahụ, a na-eme okirikiri nke ọ bụla site na mbibi nke arịa ụlọ na arịa iji hapụ ihe niile n'oge ọhụụ, nke na-akọwa nchọta nke iberibe ihe ochie na ihe ochie.
Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị meriri biri n'ime ala ahụ, ebe enyere ha ikike dị iche iche. N'ezie, atụmatụ ndị Spain Alonso García Bravo mere maka nwughari nke obodo chebere ọtụtụ atụmatụ mbụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe a nwara iche n'echiche ihe gaara eme ma ọ bụrụ na a na-akwanyere ịma mma nke Tenochtitlan buru ibu ugwu ma ndị Spen wuru obodo ọzọ nwere nkwenye, mana ọdịmma nke Conquest emeghị ka echiche a pụta.
Mgbanwe na-eso nke obodo ahụ dugara ya ka ọ bụrụ oche nke ọchịchị gọọmentị dị na New Spain ma wuo ya na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obodo amaala mgbe ebibisịrị ya. Na mmegharị a, echekwara ụzọ ndị bụ isi, dịka Tenayuca, nke a maara ugbu a dịka Vallejo; Tlacopan, Mexico Tacuba nke oge a, na Tepeyac, ugbu a Calzada de los Misterios. E mekwara ka agbataobi ụmụ amaala anọ ahụ gbanwere aha ha na Nahuatl n'ihi mmetụta nke Iso Christianityzọ Kraịst: San Juan Moyotla, Santa María Tlaquechiuacan, San Sebastián Atzacualco na San Pedro Teopan.
N'ihi ya, "e wuru obodo ndị a wụrụ awụ na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụmụ amaala obodo ahụ, na-ewepụ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obí eze na ụlọ nsọ ndị dara ada, na-ewu ihe ọhụrụ na ntọala ha, na-eji otu ihe ahụ eme ihe," ka Luis González Obregón si kwuo n'akwụkwọ ya bụ Las Calles esi Mexico. Nnukwu mgbanwe gbanwere mgbe obodo ahụ tufuru àgwà ọdọ ya mgbe arụchara ọrụ iji kpoo Lake Texcoco, nke emere na narị afọ nke 16 wee mechie na 1900.
Ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu, n'oge Colony e guzobere obodo ahụ site na mkpa okpukpe. Na nke a, González Obregón na-ekwukwa ọzọ: “na narị afọ nke iri na asaa, obodo ndị na-achị obodo na-amụba na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụlọ, ma nnukwu ebe obibi ndị mọnk, ụlọ ụka, ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ, wakporo okporo ámá na ámá, ma bụrụ ndị rụrụ arụ karịa obodo ndị colonial nke Narị afọ nke 16, narị afọ nke 17 jiri okpukpe kpọrọ ihe, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngọzi ”.
Ugbua na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ọ bụ oche nke ikike gọọmentị etiti mgbe enwereonwe ma nwee nnukwu mgbanwe kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, otu n'ime ha na-apụ n'anya nke ndị conven mgbe iwu ndozigharị na ọkwa nke iwu ọha na eze nke narị afọ nke 20. Nke a ga-abụ oge mbibi ọzọ, ebe anyị nwere ike ịnwe obodo atọ: pre-Hispanic, viceregal na ndị ndozigharị.
Mgbanwe dị mkpa mere na njedebe nke mgbanwe mgbanwe 1910, mgbe enyere iwu zócalo, Calle de Moneda na ụlọ ndị bara uru akụkọ ihe mere eme. Bido n’afọ 1930, mmata ọhụrụ banyere akụkọ ihe owuwu obodo, bụ nke a na-ahụta dị ka obodo kachasị mkpa na mpaghara America; mgbe ahụ, ọ nwere ngụkọta nke nchịkwa ọha na eze, ọrụ ego, ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa na isi ụlọ ọmụmụ, National University. Iwu ndị a gosipụtara nchegbu gosipụtara iji chekwaa ya ma gbochie uto a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa na mmebi nke ọdịdị obodo ya.
IHE AH EXR.
N'ihi mmebi ahụ, site na 1911 ndị bi na ha malitere ịhapụ ebe etiti ahụ na ndị bi na ya na-etinyekarị uche na ógbè Guerrero, Nueva Santa María, San Rafael, Roma, Juárez na San Miguel Tacubaya. N'aka nke ọzọ, emepụtara ụzọ ọhụụ iji dozie nsogbu okporo ụzọ na-eto eto ma na 1968, ụzọ ụzọ ụgbọ oloko mbụ malitere na ebumnuche nke ịkwado njem ọha na eze; n'agbanyeghị, nsogbu ahụ gara n'ihu n'ihi mmụba ndị mmadụ na ọnụọgụ nke ụgbọ ala.
Na Eprel 11, 1980, mgbe nchọpụta na ọnọdụ nke Onye isi obodo Templo na Coyolxauhqui, e nyere iwu na-ekwupụta etiti etiti akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mexico City dị ka mpaghara nke ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke gosipụtara oke ókè na mpaghara 668 nwere Mgbatị nke kilomita 9.1.
Iwu ahụ na-ekewa mpaghara a na mpaghara abụọ: A nwere mpaghara nke kpuchiri obodo Hispanic na ndọtị ya na nnọchi anya ruo mgbe nnwere onwe, na B gụnyere ndọtị ndị emere ruo narị afọ nke 19. N'otu aka ahụ, iwu nke 1980, nke chebere ụlọ na ihe ncheta site na narị afọ nke 16 ruo nke 19, tụlere nchekwa na mweghachi nke ihe nketa na ọdịnala dị mkpa dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ mmepe obodo.
Nkesa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke MEXICO CITY
Ọ nwere ihe karịrị 9 km2 ma biri 668 blocks. E nwere ihe dịka puku 9 puku ụlọ na ihe dịka ụlọ 1 500 nke nnukwu uru, nke ewuru n'etiti narị afọ nke 16 na nke 20.
IHE Nlereanya ...
Ewubere Palacio de Iturbide na narị afọ nke 17 maka Marquis nke San Mateo de Valparaíso na ọ bụ ihe atụ nke ụlọ Baroque nke nwere mmetụta Italiantali. Onye kere ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Francisco Guerrero y Torres, onye bụkwa onye edemede nke Obí nke Counts nke San Mateo Valparaíso mere ya na Capilla del Pocito na Basilica nke Guadalupe; Ihu ya nwere ọtụtụ ahụ ma na-agba gburugburu gburugburu ya na ogidi ya. Ọ nwere ụzọ n'okporo ámá Gante, Bolívar na Madero. N'obí a sitere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na Iturbide biri na ya mgbe ọ banyere Mexico n'isi nke ndị agha Trigarante. Ruo ogologo oge ọ bụ ụlọ nkwari akụ, e weghachiwo ya n'ụzọ zuru oke ma ugbu a nwere ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Banamex. Agbanyeghị, ọhaneze nwere ike ịga leta ya. Ọ bụ n'etiti ụlọ ndị na-enwu gbaa na Mmemme Center Trust Trust.
Na nkuku nke Septemba 16 - tupu Old Coliseum– na Isabel la Católica –n’iru Espiritu Santo– Boker Building dị, ewubere na 1865 iji debe ụlọ ahịa ngwaike nke otu aha. Ọ bụ ndị na-atụpụta ụlọ bụ De Lemus na Cordes, ndị sitere na New York, mere ya, ndị edemede nke ụlọ ahịa Macys a ma ama n'obodo ahụ, ma onye Mexico Gonzalo Garita gburu ya, onye rụkwara owuwu nke Ncheta Nnwere Onwe na ntọala nke Obí. nke Ezi Arts. Propertylọ a nwere ụlọ nwanne nwanyị, nke nwere Banklọ Akụ Mexico, nke otu onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye wuru ya gburu; Na 1900 Don Porfirio Díaz guzobere ya na n'oge ahụ, a na-ewere ya dị ka nke kachasị ọhụrụ na Mexico, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ nke mbụ ejiri ogidi na ogwe osisi wuo ya. Ọ na-atụle a akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke obodo.
N’etiti ụfọdụ akụkọ mgbe ochie nke ihe onwunwe ahụ, ekwuru na n’oge a na-ewu ya, a hụrụ Cihuateteo, chi nwanyị nne nke nọ na Munal ugbu a, na ugo ahụ egbupụrụ arụ, na National Museum of Anthropology. Onye nwe ya, Pedro Boker, esonyela na ọrụ nnapụta a rụrụ n'okporo ámá ndị ahụ ma gwa anyị na e nweela ndị agbata obi atọ maka ụzọ ọ bụla, ndị na-esonye na nlekọta ọrụ ahụ.
ỌR R NZỌP .TA
Nrepu na-eto eto nke etiti a gụnyere akụkụ akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nke ọchịchị na nke obodo mepere emepe, yabụ atụmatụ nnapụta ga-eburu n'uche ha iji chekwaa ụkpụrụ akụkọ ọdịbendị na nke ọdịnala anyị.
Ihe oru ngo a maka mmeghari ohuru nke Historic Center bu onye isi nke Trust of the Historic Center nke Mexico City, nke Ana Lilia Cepeda duziri ya, ma mejuputa atumatu nke ntuziaka na ndozi, nke ga - eweputa n'ime afọ anọ (2002-2006). mmetụta dị mma na oghere obodo ndị mepere emepe.
AKWONKWỌ AKWONKWỌ
N'echiche a, ha bu n'obi ịhụ na uru ha bara na ntinye ego, na-ekwe nkwa itinye ego ụlọ, chetaghachi n'iji ụlọ, megharia mpaghara ahụ n'ụzọ akụ na ụba ma mepụta ọrụ.
AKWKWỌ NDCI
N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-achọ ịtụgharị ma weghachite ọnọdụ obibi nke mpaghara ahụ, na-ewusi mgbọrọgwụ nke ezinụlọ ndị bi na ya, yana idozi nsogbu nke azụmahịa n'okporo ụzọ ọha na eze, enweghị ntụkwasị obi, ịda ogbenye na mmebi mmadụ.
Ọnọdụ nke ngbapụta nke ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ọrụ mmezigharị
Nke mbụ (atọ atọ site n'August ruo November 2002):
Ọ gụnyere n'okporo ámá nke 5 de Mayo, Isabel La Católica / República de Chile, Francisco I. Madero na Allende / Bolívar.
Nke abụọ:
Ọ na-ekpuchi n'okporo ámá nke 16 de Septiembre, Donceles, site na Eje Central ruo República de Argentina, yana ngalaba abụọ nke Palma, n'etiti 16 de Septiembre na Venustiano Carranza, n'etiti 5 de Mayo na Madero
Nke ato:
Na-arụ ọrụ n'okporo ámá nke Venustiano Carranza, site na Eje Central ruo Pino Suárez, ngalaba ndị fọdụrụ na Palma, otu n'ime February 5, n'etiti Septemba 16 na Venustiano Carranza. Na Motolinía Street, a rụzigharị ala na ndị na-akọ osisi, na arịrịọ nke ndị agbata obi, ngalaba nke dị n'etiti Tacuba na 5 de Mayo ghọrọ mpaghara ebe ụkwụ na-aga.
Agba nke anọ: (site na July 27, 2002 ruo Ọktọba 2003). Ọ gụnyere n'okporo ámá nke Tacuba (iyi, garrisons na akụkụ ụzọ).
PROGRAM INYERE URBAN
Ọ na-etinye aka n'akụkụ nke obodo ndị mepere emepe n'echiche nke nkwanye ùgwù maka ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme; Ha bụ mmemme mgbanwe, nke gụnyere nhazi ihu, ọkụ nke ụlọ, arịa ụlọ ndị mepere emepe, njem na n'okporo ụzọ, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ịtụ ahịa n'okporo ụzọ ọha na eze, na mkpofu ahihia.
Ọrụ ọkụ
Igwe ọkụ nke ụlọ ndị ahụ na-egosi ịma mma ha maka njegharị abalị. N'ime ndị mmụta dị na mmemme a bụ:
• Na Isabel La Católica La Esmeralda, ndị Spanish Casino, oflọ nke thegụ Miravalle na Blọ Boker.
• Na Madero, e mere ọkụ na oflọ Nsọ San Felipe, atrium nke San Francisco, Obí nke Iturbide, La Profesa, Casa Borda na Pimentel Building.
• Na May 5, e tinyere ọkụ na Monte de Piedad, Casa Ajaracas, Paris Building, Motolinía na May 5, Palestina, yana facade nke Building of Weight and Measures.
Ihe na anya
Mmemme mmepe obodo nke Historic Center na-egosi itinye ego nke gọọmentị Federal District nke pesos 375 nde (mp) na omume akụrụngwa, onyonyo obodo na nnweta ihe onwunwe. Ntinye ego nke onwe ya ruru pesos 4,500 nde maka oru nke ịzụta ala na ntinye nke ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ nri na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Mgbanwe a bụ nke kachasị mkpa kemgbe 1902, oge ikpeazụ emepere okporo ụzọ na arụzigharị akụrụngwa. Ọ bụ ọrụ mgbanwe nke ụkpụrụ nke mpaghara akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke gọọmentị nke Federal District, National Institute of Anthropology and History, National Institute of Fine Arts, ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị weghachi, ndị na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ndị na-emebe obodo mebere. O doro anya na Center ahụ ga-enwetaghachi ebube ya.
Isi mmalite: Amaghi Mexico Nke 331 / Septemba 2004
