Choputa ihe ebube a di na Ciudad Universitaria. Ga-eju ...
O juru ndị mmeri mbụ ahụ anya mgbe ha nwere mmasị n'ogige mara mma ebe Moctezuma II zụlitere ọtụtụ ụdị ahịhịa sitere na ala ebe dị anya, jiri amamihe gbakọta ma lekọta na mgbatị nke ọgbakọ abụọ na gburugburu Oaxtepec, Morelos. Nke a abughi naanị ihe atụ nke imepụta ogige botanical tupu oge Hispanic, dị ka enwere ndị ọzọ, dịka nke Nezahualcóyotl hibere na Texcoco, ma ọ bụ nke bụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke ịdị ukwuu nke Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Ndị bi na pre-Hispanic Mexico nwetara mmepe dị ịrịba ama n'ihe banyere nyocha, ihe ọmụma na nhazi nke osisi, ọkachasị ndị ejiri nri, ma mmadụ ma anụmanụ, nwere agwa ọgwụ ma ọ bụ naanị maka ịma mma ha; ha gbalịrị ịchịkọta mkpokọta kachasị mma na nke kachasị dị iche iche site na azụmaahịa, mmekọrịta mmekọrịta, ma ọ bụ ọbụna iji ike ndị agha.
Nke a pụtara nnukwu onyinye na Europe, ebe ọ bụ na e si na America bubata ọtụtụ ụdị, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwetara mkpa na ọdịnala na mpaghara ochie ma metụta ọdịbendị ya nke ukwuu, gụnyere nka nri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmepụta nke chocolate chocolate agaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị koko, ebubata site na Mexico na Central America, nri ndị Italiantali agaghịkwa abụ ihe ha na-enweghị tomato si South America. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ rue etiti narị afọ nke 16 ka e guzobere ubi izizi mbụ na mba Europe, nke rụpụtara nnukwu mmepe, rue mgbe ha mepụtara nchịkọta ụwa dị ebube, dịka nke Kew Garden, Royal Botanical Garden nke England.
Mexico nke taa eketawo mmasị, mmetụta ịhụnanya na ihe ọmụma banyere ahịhịa, nke a na-ahụta n'ogige ntụrụndụ na ogige, na ọbụna n'okporo ụzọ mara mma na mbara ihu nke ụlọ ndị mepere emepe. Na mgbakwunye na ọdịnala a ma ama, enwere saịtị dị na nnukwu Mexico City dị oke egwu nke kwesịrị ọdịnala anyị bara ụba: Ogige Botanical nke UNAM Institute of Biology, na ala nke Ciudad Universitaria, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Federal District.
Tọrọ ntọala na Jenụwarị 1, 1959 maka mmakọ nke ọrụ abụọ-nke onye ọpụrụiche n'ihe banyere botanist Dr. Faustino Miranda chọrọ na nke ọzọ site n'aka Dr. Efrén del Pozo-, Ogige Botanical nwetara àgwà ndị mere ka ọ bụrụ ebe pụrụ iche. Ọ dị n'ime obi Pedregal de San Ángel Ecological Reserve, ebe ikpeazụ siri ike nke senecionetum ecosystem, ụdị pụrụ iche nke nsị na ụwa toro na mpaghara a mgbe mgbawa nke ugwu Xitle gbawara, ihe dịka 2,250 afọ gara aga. nakwa na o nwere nnukwu ihe dị ndụ na ebe obibi, dị ka ihe àmà sitere na ụdị abụọ dị egwu - ya bụ, ha na-eto naanị na ebe a na - echekwa: orchid na cactus (Bletia mepere emepe na Mammillaria san-angelensis, n’otu n’otu). Nke a na - eme ka Ogige Botanical bụrụ ebe mara mma mara mma, paradaịs, oghere ahịhịa ndụ na izu ike ebe, naanị ibata, ị nwere ike iku ume, ikuku dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha.
Ogige ahụ karịrị nnọọ ebe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ; Site na ya ị nwere ike ịme njem nleta na mmụta dị oke egwu, na-enwe mmasị n'okirikiri osisi dị iche iche egosipụtara; Ọzọkwa, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye njem nlegharị anya, ebe obibi, nzukọ, ihe nkiri, ọmụmụ na ọbụlagodi egwu egwu oge gboo; Ọzọkwa, ọ nwere ụlọ maka ngosipụta nwa oge, ụlọ ahịa, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na ọbá akwụkwọ mara mma, mepere ọha na eze, ebe enwere ike ịchọta ihe ọmụma banyere ahịhịa na ịkọ ahịhịa; ihe a niile gbara ya ezigbo mma eke odida obodo.
Agbanyeghị, ogige ahụ abụghị naanị ebe ịga ije na mmụta; Ndị otu ndị nyocha sitere n'ọzụzụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ya: ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ, ndị na-amụ banyere gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi, ndị na-amụ banyere mmiri ọgwụ na ndị na-amụ banyere ihe banyere mmadụ, iji gbasaa ụdị nke nọ na mbibi, ma ọ bụ nke nwere ụfọdụ mkpa pụrụ iche, na ichekwa ihe ọmụma ọdịnala banyere herbalism na ọgwụ nke ụmụ amaala obodo nke nnukwu mba anyị.
Ogige Botanical nwere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị iche iche: Faustino Miranda Greenhouse, nke dị na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ogige dị n'èzí, n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, n'azụ Olympic State of Mexico ´68. A na-ahazi ogige dị n'èzí n'akụkụ dị iche iche dị ka ahịhịa na-egosi na ha, si otú ahụ nweta nghọta ka mma banyere ebe ahụ. E nwere ala akọrọ na nke ala mmiri na-ezo, National Agavaceae Collection, Doctora Helia Bravo-Hollis Desert Garden, osisi sitere na mpaghara dị jụụ, site n'oké ọhịa na-ekpo ọkụ, ohere maka osisi bara uru na ọgwụ na ebe obibi.
Mpaghara usoro okike na mmiri na-erughị ala dị ezigbo mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ihe dịka 70% nke ókèala mba nwere ụdị ahịhịa a. E kewara ngalaba a n'ime obere agwaetiti gbara gburugburu nke na-eduga anyi na nchoputa nke ihe nlere di iche iche nke otu osisi di iche iche nke emere ka ha ghara inwe obere mmiri ozuzo, dika yuccas, ha nwere okooko osisi di egwu ma di uto, nke eji edozi nri di nma; cacti, nke sitere na ndi American, gosiputara anyi udi di iche iche, agba, okooko osisi mara mma na ikike ndi ogwu na ndi ogwu; na National Collection nke Agaváceas, nke ndị nnọchianya a kacha mara amara na-eji mee ihe abụọ n'ime ihe ọ drinksụ Mexụ ndị Mexico: pulque na tequila, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ n'ụdị dị egwu.
Nlebara anya pụrụ iche kwesịrị ogige Desert Garden Dr. Helia Bravo-Hollis, nchịkọta cacti dị ebube nke akpọrọ aha otu n'ime ndị guzobere Ogige ahụ na onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-arụkọ ọrụ ugbu a, nke anyị ji ụgwọ, yana Dr. Hernando Sánchez ka mma, ọrụ magburu onwe ya The Cactaceae of Mexico; Ewubere ngalaba a na mmekorita ya na gọọmentị Japan, dịka ọmụmaatụ nke mgbanwe mba ụwa. E nwere nchịkọta yiri nke a n'obodo Sendai, nke dị narị kilomita atọ n'ebe ugwu Tokyo, Japan.
Ikekwe mpaghara kachasị dị egwu bụ nke dị jụụ, nke arboretum na-anọchi anya ya (nke pụtara "nchịkọta osisi ndị dị ndụ"), nke malitere na 1962. Taa, ọ nwere ụdị ihe atụ magburu onwe ya nke nnukwu ịdị elu, nke nwere akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ; Mgbe ha banyere n'ime ya, ha na-akpali mmetụta nke udo, nkwekọ na ebube; Anyị nwere ike ịtọ ụtọ na-atụgharị uche na nnukwu pine, nke dị na Mexico dị mkpa karịsịa, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi ngwaahịa anyị na-enweta site na ha, mana n'ihi na mba ahụ nwere ihe dịka 40% nke ụdị ụwa. Anyị nwekwara ike ịlele cypresses, oyameles, sweetgum, égbè eluigwe-nke n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị nke Mexico, bụ akụkụ nke osisi anyị, yana ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu oghere ebe ị nwere ike iku ume nke oke ọhịa, gee egwu nke nnụnụ ma nwee mmetụta na mmekọrịta na okike.
A na-ekesa mkpokọta ahịhịa sitere na mpaghara okpomọkụ n'etiti Faustino Miranda Greenhouse na Manuel Ruiz Oronoz Greenhouse. Nke ikpeazụ, nke arboretum mebere ụzọ ya, wuru ya na 1966 na ebumnuche nke ụlọ nke ihe atụ nke ụdị osisi dị iche iche magburu onwe ya bi na oke ohia. N'ime ya anyị nwere ike ịchọta nkwụ, fern nke ụdị dị iche iche, piñanonas, orchids, osisi ceiba na ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ, nke usoro ala, ubi na nkume mara mma nke ọma. Na ogbu mmiri anyị na-achọpụta ọdọ mmiri nwere obere ọgba; ụda nke mmiri na-ada na-ada, gbakwunye okpomọkụ na iru mmiri na-eme ka anyị nwee mmetụta n'ime oke ọhịa na mmiri ozuzo the dị n'etiti Mexico City!
Osisi abughi nani na enwere oru nke ime ka anyi nwe obi uto site na nkpuru obi ha na udiri mara nma nke nwere uda oma; Ha dị oke mkpa n’ihi na ha ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa iji meziwanye gburugburu, karịchaa n’obodo mepere emepe; mana na mgbakwunye, anyị na-enweta ọtụtụ ngwaahịa sitere na ha nke na-enye anyị ohere ịlanarị na nke ahụ, na-eme ka ndụ anyị nwee ntụsara ahụ. N'ihi nke a, enwere nnukwu mpaghara a raara nye igosi anyị ụfọdụ osisi nwere ojiji ụfọdụ, dị ka nri, ngwa nri, isi, eriri anụ na ịchọ mma, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.
Ekwesiri ikwuputa ihe puru iche nke ngalaba nke osisi ogwu, nke nwere otutu ihe nlere, obughi nani site na oge di ugbu a, kama site na tutu mmeri. N'okwu a, Ogige Botanical anọwo na-arụ ọtụtụ afọ ihe enyemaka dị mkpa nke nnukwu ihe ọmụma ọdịnala nke herbalism n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke mba anyị, yabụ ohere a na-anọchite anya ezigbo ihe atụ nke ụdị osisi dịgasị iche iche nwere ụfọdụ ọgwụ.
Ogige Botanical nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ ọrụ dị mkpa nke agụmakwụkwọ na ịgbasa ihe ọmụma banyere akụ ndị sitere n'okike anyị; Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-arụ ọrụ sayensị iji chọpụta osisi ọhụrụ nwere ike ịba uru ma napụtakwa usoro ọdịnala ndị bara nnukwu uru. Na nkenke, ọ na-anọchite ebe ntụrụndụ dị mma, nke akwadoro maka anyị ndị bi na obodo kachasị mmadụ n'ụwa.
GREENHOUSE FAUSTINO MIRANDA
Na mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Ciudad Universitaria enwere ụlọ nke si n'èzí dị ka nnukwu dome nke nwere ụlọ translucent, nke osisi na ubi mara mma mara. Ọ bụ Faustino Miranda Greenhouse, nke Ogige Botanical nke Institute of Biology nke National Autonomous University nke Mexico.
Nnukwu ụlọ a na-eme griinụ 835 m2, nke emebere ma wuo na 1959, bụ nke e wuru n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'elu oghere dị n'okirikiri, ngwaahịa nke oke oke oke ọkụ ugwu mgbawa sitere na mgbawa Xitle, nke ejiri maka nkesa nke griin ha. Ma olulu a ezughi iji nweta ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ achọrọ; N'ihi nke a, ọ dị mkpa iji wuo nnukwu ígwè na translucent fiberglass dome nke kpuchiri elu ahụ dum, wee rute, n'akụkụ ya kachasị elu, 16 mita, na-enweghị nkwado ọ bụla na-abụghị mgbidi. Site n'inwe ụlọ nke na-enye ohere ịgafe nke ìhè ma gbochie ọnwụ ọkụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ dị elu karịa n'èzí, na-enweghị ntakịrị mgbanwe n'etiti ehihie na abalị, na mgbakwunye na iru mmiri dị mma maka osisi ebe okpomọkụ na-ejigide. .
A na-akpọ Faustino Mirada Greenhouse aha otu onye n'ime ndị guzobere ya na onye isi nchịkwa mbụ nke Ogige Botanical UNAM. Amụrụ na Gijón, Spain, mgbe ọ nwetasịrị doctorate na Natural Sciences na Central University nke Madrid, ọ rutere na Mexico na 1939, n'ihi agha obodo Spain, wee banye ozugbo na ọrụ nyocha na Institute of Biology.
Nnukwu ọrụ sayensị ya, nke karịrị aha iri ise, egosipụtakwuola ihe ọmụma nke osisi anyị, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe na Republic, dị ka Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, Yucatán, Nuevo León, Zacatecas na San Luis Potosí, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ihe omumu ya buru ibu na mpaghara ohia nke Mexico, karia na Lacandon Jungle.
Nnukwu mmasị ya na osisi na ebe obibi ha na mba anyị bụ nke akpọrọ n'ime Ogige Botanical, ọkachasị na griin haus, ebe etiti maka ọmụmụ ihe na nchekwa nke otu n'ime usoro okike na-adọrọ mmasị, kamakwa nke gbanwere: oke ohia.
N'ihi ọnọdụ pụrụ iche nke oke iru mmiri na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, nke anaghị adịkarị n'okpuru 18 Celsius C, ọhịa na-eto eto bụ akụ na ụba ụwa kachasị baa ọgaranya na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, ebe ọ nwere 40% nke ụdị niile amaara; ma, ọ bụwo ihe a na-eji eme ihe na-enweghị isi. Taa ọnụego nke oke ọhịa dị nde hectare 10 kwa afọ, ya bụ, a na-ebibi otu hectare kwa sekọnd atọ ọ bụla n'ụwa! A na-eme atụmatụ na n'ime afọ iri anọ agaghị enwe akụkụ ndị dị mkpa nke gburugburu ebe obibi a ga-ahapụ, ọ bụghị naanị na ụdị dị iche iche ga-efu, kamakwa oke ikuku nke ikuku ga-etinye n'ihe ize ndụ, ebe ọ bụ na oke ọhịa ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nnukwu oxygen generator na nchịkọta dioxide. carbon.
N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, na Mexico anyị ahụla etu oke ọhịa na oke ọhịa si egbutuwo oke ọhịa.
N'ihi ọnọdụ a, Faustino Miranda Greenhouse na-ewere mkpa pụrụ iche maka ịbụ nchekwa nke ihe atụ nke ụwa magburu onwe ya nke oke ohia, yana maka ịbụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nnapụta na nchekwa nke ụdị dị egwu, nke nwere ikike akụ na ụba na ọgwụ. , nri, wdg.
Mgbe ị na-abanye na Greenhouse mmadụ na-enwe mmetụta na ụwa ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na a naghị ahụkarị osisi ndị na-eto ebe ahụ na ugwu: osisi ceiba, osisi kọfị, ferns 10 m dị elu ma ọ bụ nke ụdị a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche, ịrị osisi na, na mberede, a mara mma ọdọ mmiri na ngosipụta nke aquatic ahịhịa, tinyere horsetails na algae.
O kwere omume ịgagharị n'ụzọ dị iche iche; ụzọ dị mkpa na-eduga anyị na nchịkọta magburu onwe ya nke ahịhịa ebe okpomọkụ; site na ndi nke abuo anyi na abanye na ahihia nke di na elu lava, anyi na ahu cicadas na pine nuts, nkwu na lianas. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na njedebe nke ụzọ ahụ, na mbara ala bụ akụkụ nke nchịkọta nke orchids, nke, n'ihi oke nyocha nke nkwalite dị elu nke ọnụ ahịa ha ruru n'ahịa na-akwadoghị na-akwalite, na-apụ ngwa ngwa site na ebe obibi ha.
Isi mmalite: Amaghi Mexico Nke 250 / Disemba 1997
